Types of Holograms:
NovaVision offers the following types of holograms:
Lower Resolution Dot-Matrix (100 dpi to
200 dpi)
Dot-matrix holograms can be designed to create interesting
kinetic effects in the hologram. They are brighter and have
a broader viewing angle than other types of holograms. Lower
resolution dot-matrix holograms are typically used for packaging
applications where eye-popping shelf appeal is desired. The
brightness and broader viewing angle are advantageous with
the poor lighting or uncertain shelf placement found in retailing
locations.
Low resolution can also be appropriate for short run security applications. Or
for applications where the casual counterfeiter (local high school student with
a new scanner and computer) is the primary security threat.
Security Dot Matrix (400 dpi, 1000 dpi and higher)
All dot-matrix holograms can be designed to create interesting
kinetic effects which are brighter and have a broader viewing
angle than other types of holograms. Resolution for security
grade holograms typically begins at 400 dpi and goes higher.
Higher resolution is needed for micro text and other security
features. Ultra high resolution (up to 25,000 dpi) are available
for special high security applications.
Generally speaking, the higher the resolution, the more expensive it is to produce
the master hologram. Also, larger images increase costs as a result of the increase
in the number of pixels which must be generated.
2D/3D
A 2D/3D hologram is a composite of 2-dimensional graphic layers, each set
at a different "virtual depth" in the holographic image, Typically,
there are 2 or 3 layers, one on the surface, another in the mid-ground and/or
background. Each layer is "set into" the hologram at deeper levels.
The effect is much like the flat scenery in a theatrical play arranged at different
distances from the front of the stage to create the illusion of depth. Another
option is to include grid lines, or other conventional 3-dimensional graphic
effects to enhance the perception of depth.
Design cost factors include the image complexity, number of color angles and
number of layers included in the hologram, . Hologram size is less of a factor
in the cost of a 2D/3D hologram, so it is usually economical to produce larger
images (up to 6 inch x 6 inch).
2D/3D holograms are not as bright as dot matrix and require stronger, more focused
lighting for optimal viewing. The viewing angle for a 2D/3D hologram is also
narrower
Hybrid - 2D/3D and Dot-Matrix combined
Combining 2D/3D and dot-matrix methods into a hybrid hologram can be very
effective in combining the broader viewing angle and brightness of the dot-matrix
hologram, with the "virtual depth" found in the 2D/3D hologram.
3D Model
Generally, 3D model holograms are the most expensive type
to create. The process requires a physical model of the intended
subject to first be sculpted from plaster or other stable materials
at a 1-to -1 size ratio (as an example the VISA Dove hologram
was generated from a model @1/2" in size) . The model-making
detail, painting and preparation are a large factor in the
cost of this type of hologram. When the models are finished,
they are "shot" with a laser on an optics table to create the
hologram image.
Although this is a more costly and lengthy process, the custom modeling required
to produce a 3D hologram adds to the security of the hologram. As with 2D/3D
holograms, 3D holograms require strong and focused lighting for optimal viewing
and the viewing angle is narrow than dot matrix.,
Stereograms
A stereogram can create a 3D effect of an object or show a small "movie clip" action
sequence. Using a movable digital camera system for the 3D effect (or a stationary
camera for the "movie clip"), the hologram is created from multiple camera views
at specific angles. These image frames are overlaid on the final hologram.
The 3D effect is similar to a 3D model hologram, but have the advantage of being
scalable. As with 2D/3D holograms, stereograms require strong and focused lighting
for optimal viewing and the viewing angle is narrower than dot matrix.